Vegetation of Northern Provinces

Vegetation Taif Hail Farasan Islands Jabal Fayfa Huraimala Deserts Trees Asir

 

Topography and vegetation of Tabuk Region

 

            

Topography and vegetation of Tabuk Region

 

             The regions in and around Tabuk are composed of metamorphic and igneous rocks. Western side of the region is bordered by a series of hilly and mountainous areas, particularly, the Jabal Lauz of Northern Hijaz Mountains, while the eastern and southeastern sides are bounded by the Great Nafud. Typical rangelands can be found on the Northern and southern sides of the Tabuk Province.  Altitude of the region varies from 750 to 1000m in most of the areas except in parts of the northern region where some of the plateaus and hilly tracts rise to an altitude up to 1500m. Topography is more or less similar to the Central Najd and consisting of wadis, hills and open plains. Most of the wadis are originating from the north western Hijaz Mountains and run in an eastward direction; of which some of them are part of the largest Wadi Rimah drainage. Wadis in general are filled with silty sand and gravel whereas the runnels close to the hilly areas that receive more local runoff is somewhat silty. However soil deposits in open plains vary from silts to sands to coarse boulders. Wadi Sirhan that cuts through the region is composed of a complex of alluvial soils varying from sandy to clayey, gravelly or in some areas it is saline. Some of the major agriculture centers can also be seen on the eastern and southeastern side of the Tabuk Town.

 

           In general terms, the vegetation of Tabuk Region is composed mainly of Chenopods, especially the Salsola tetrandra-Salsola cyclophylla associations. However, a few other xerophytic vegetations can also be seen in some localized centers. These localized vegetation units are dominated by Haloxylon salicornicum, Retama reaetam, Pulicaria undulata, Acacia tortilis, and Lycium shawii. On the western sides of the region, Acacia tortilis is dominating while on the southern sides Salsola spp. and Traganum nudatum are dominating. Along the northern borders where the soil is more sandy Haloxylon persicum and Artemisia monosperma form into communities, either singly or in associations with Stipagrostis, Cyperus, Cornulaca, etc. Tree species are rare in this region. However, species like, Acacia raddiana, Maerua crassifolia, Moringa peregrina, Ziziphus spina-christi, etc can be seen in some of the wadis.  Other perennials which form into communities in some parts of the region are: Salsola tetrandra, Traganum nudatum, Retama raetam, Artemisia sieberi, Hyoscyamus muticus, Astragalus spinosa, Haloxylon salicornicum, Rhanterium epapposum, Farsetia aegyptiaca,  etc. Apart from the xeromorphic vegetation, halophytic vegetation is also dominant in certain salt marsh ecosystems. These include: Pharagmites australis, Tamarix nilotica, Aeluropus lagopoides and Zygophyllum coccineum. A significant number of annual species are also found in the Tabuk region, most of which are belonging to the families, Brassicaceae, Asteraceae and Paplionaceae. Common annual species include: Eremobium lineare, Plantago boissieri, Anthemis melampodina, Cutandia memphitica, Silene villosa, Plantago ciliata, Savignya parviflora, Astragalus schimperi, A. annularis, Ifloga spicata, Trigonella stellata, Astragalus tribuloides, Schimpera arabica, Plantago amplexicaulis, etc.

  

Topography and Vegetation of Al-Jouf

 

Al-Jouf Region is about 550 m above sea level.  It is part of the extensive Al-Widyan Region that spreads in northwest to southeast direction. It is a complex of several wadis such as Wadi Ar’ar, Wadi Aba al-Qur, etc. that pass through limestone hills. Vegetation is composed of Salsola villosa and Atriplex leucoclada. The overall vegetation is highly degraded due to overgrazing and poor rainfall.  In Wadi Mayaala, about 20 km south of Ar’ar town, the frequency and density of several perennial species, particularly Heliotropium bacciferum and Aretemisia sieberi are very high. It is primarily due to the overall rainfall pattern experiencing in certain years. Yet, overgrazing combined with poor rainfall affect the overall vegetation structure of these areas. Rain in early winter has a significant effect in the vegetation of Ar’ar area rather than the rain in March-April period. In addition to the common plants, dwarf shrubs such as Achillea fragrantissima, Artemisia sieberi, Astragalus spinosa, Pituranthos triradiatus, Hammada salicornica and Artemisia monosperma can also be seen in many places. Although Salsola villosa and Atriplex leucoclada are common plant communities, at least few other associations like Salsola villosa-Traganum nudatum and Salsola tetrandra-Salsola cyclophylla associations can also be found on the edges of Ar’ar region. In certain places, occasional associations such as Rhanterium epapposum, Stipagrostis plumosa, Moltkiopsis ciliata, Polycarpaea repens, Convolvulus oxyphyllus ssp. oxyclada, Fagonia glutinosa, etc. are present. A significant number of annual species are also appearing during spring, the density of which depends on the rainfall. The most common species seen in this area is Spergularia diandra followed by Filago desertorum. Other common annual plants observed in this area are: Plantago boissieri, Eremobium lineare, Astragalus schimperi, A. annularis, A. tribuloides, Horwoodia dicksoniae, Cutandia memphitica, Plantago ciliata, P. ovata, P. amplexicaulis, Trigonella stellata, Lappula spinocarpos, Asteriscus graveolens, Artemisia scoparia, Herniaria hirsuta, Malva parviflora, Matricaria aurea, Tripleurospermum auriculatum. The density of annual cover varies from region to region. In some years, the density of Asteriscus graveolens is much higher than any other annual species or their presence is more or less similar to the plant cover of Spergularia diandra. Annual vegetation in the south of the region is also more or less similar to the north. Yet, in addition to the above annuals; species such as Paronychia arabica, Pteranthus dichotomus, Reseda alba, Gastrocotyle hispida, Aizoon hispanicum, Leotonodon laciniatum, Ifloga spicata, Helianthemum ledifolium, Picris cyanocarpa Schismus barbatus, Schimpera arabica, Roemeria hybrida, Calendula tripterocarpa and Medicago laciniata are also seen in shallow depressions and other silt areas.

Some of the important species recorded from the region

 

Acacia gerrardii ssp. negevensis         Mimosaceae    

Acacia raddiana                                  Mimosaceae

Acacia tortilis                                      Mimosaceae

Achillea fragrantissima                       Asteraceae

Agathophora iraqensis                        Chenopodiaceae

Alhagi graecorum                               Papilionaceae

Anabasis articulata                             Chenopodiaceae

Anabasis setifera                                 Chenopodiaceae

Anvillea garcinii                                  Asteraceae

Artemisia monosperma                       Asteraceae

Artemisia seiberi                                 Asteraceae

Asperagus aphyllus                             Asperagaceae

Astragalus sparsus                              Papilionaceae

Astragalus spinosus                            Papilionaceae

Atriplex halimus                                  Chenopodiaceae

Atriplex leucoclada                             Chenopodiaceae

Calligonum comosum                         Polygonaceae

Capparis spinosa                                Capparaceae

Chrozophora tinctoria                        Euphorbiaceae

Cistanche phelypaea                           Orobanchaceae

Commiphora myrrha                          Burseraceae

Convolvulus oxyphyllus                      Convolvulaceae

Cornulaca ehrenbergii                        Chenopodiaceae

Cornulaca setifera                              Chenopodiaceae

Cyperus conglomerates                      Cyperaceae

Dipcadi erythraeum                            Liliaceae

Echium horridium                               Boraginaceae

Ephedra alata                                     Ephedraceae

Ephedra alata                                     Ephedraceae

Eryngium glomeratum                        Apiaceae

Farsetia aegyptia                                Brassicaceae

Ferula communis                                Apiaceae

Ficus palmata                                     Moraceae

Ficus salicifolia                                   Moraceae

Gipsophila capillars                            Caryophyllaceae

Gymnocarpos decandrum                  Caryophyllaceae                    

Halothamnus iraqensis                       Chenopodiaceae

Haloxylon persicum                            Chenopodiaceae

Haloxylon salicornicum                      Chenopodiaceae

Hyoscyamus muticus                           Solanaceae

Juncus rigidus                                     Juncaceae

Juniperus phoenicea                           Cupressaceae

Launaea acanthodes                           Asteraceae

Lavandula pubescens                          Lamiaceae

Lycium shawii                                     Solanaceae

 

 

 

Maerua crassifolia                              Capparaceae

Malva parviflora                                 Malvaceae

Moltkiopsis ciliata                               Boraginaceae

Moringa peregrina                              Moringaceae

Nitraria retusa                                    Zygophyllaceae

Noaea mucronata                               Chenopodiaceae

Ochradenus baccatus                          Resedaceae

Olea chrysophylla                               Oleaceae

Panicum turgidum                              Poaceae
Pennisetum divisum                            Poaceae

Periploca aphylla                                Asclepiadaceae

Pituranthos triradiatus                       Apiaceae

Prunus arabica                                   Rosaceae

Prunus korschinskii                            Rosaceae

Pulicaria crispa                                   Asteraceae

Raetama raetam                                 Papilionaceae

Reaumuria hirtella                              Tamaricaceae

Rhanterium epapposum                        Asteraceae

Rhus tripartita                                     Anacardiaceae

Rumex vesicarius                                Polygonaceae

Salsola cyclophylla                              Chenopodiaceae

Salsola tetrandra                                Chenopodiaceae

Salsola villosa                                     Chenopodiaceae

Salsola villosa                                     Chenopodiaceae

Salsola volkensii                                 Chenopodiaceae

Salvia spinosa                                     Lamiaceae

Scrophularia hypercifolia                   Scrophulariaceae

Segeretia thea                                   Rhamnaceae

Seidlitzia rosmarinus                         Chenopodiaceae

Silene hochstetteri                             Caryophyllaceae

Sophora gibbosa                               Papilionaceae

Stipagrostis drarii                               Poaceae

Stipagrostis plumosa                          Poaceae

Suaeda vermiculata                            Chenopodiaceae

Tamarix aucheriana                           Tamaricaceae

Tamarix nilotica                                 Tamricaceae

Traganum nudatum                            Chenopodiaceae

Traganum nudatum                            Chenopodiaceae

Trichodesma africanum                      Boraginaceae

Verbascum longibracteatum               Scrophulariaceae

Zilla spinosa                                       Brassicaceae

Ziziphus spina-christi                          Rhamnaceae

 

                                                                          Flora of the

AIZOACEAE
Aizoon canariense L.
Aizoon hispanicum
L.
Mesembryanthemum forsskaolii
Hochst.
Mesembryanthemum nodiflorurn
L.

 

AMARANTHACEAE 

Aerva javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schultes

Agathophora alopecuroides (Del.) Fenzl

Agathophora alopecuroides var. papillosa (Maire) Boulos

Agriophyllum minus Fischer & Meyer 

Anabasis articulata (Forssk.) Moq.

Anabasis lachnantha Aellen & Rech.

Anabasis setifera Moq.

Atriplex dimorphostegia Kar. & Kir.

Atriplex halimus L.

Atriplex leucoclada var. inamoena (Aellen) Zoh. 

Atriplex leucoclada var. turcomanica (Moq.) Zoh.

Bassia eriophora (Schrader) Asch.

Bassia muricata (L.) Asch.

Cornulaca aucheri Moq.

Cornulaca monacantha Del.

Cornulaca setifera (DC.) Moq.

Halocnemum strobilaceum (Pallas) M. Bieb.

Halopeplis perfoliata (Forssk. ) Bunge ex Asch.

Halothamnus bottae Jaub. & Spach.

Halothamnus iraqensis Botsch.  

Halothamnus lancifolius (Boiss.) Kothe-Heinrich 

Haloxylon persicum Bunge ex Boiss.

Haloxylon salicornicum (Moq.) Bunge 

Noaea mucronata (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf.

Salsola arabica Botsch. 

Salsola cyclophylla Baker

Salsola imbricata Forssk.

Salsola incanescens C. Meyer .

Salsola lachnantha (Botsch.) Botsch.

Salsola schweinfurthii Solms-Laub.

Salsola tetrandra Forssk. 

Salsola villosa Schultes

Seidlitzia rosmarinus Bunge

Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq,) Zoh.

Suaeda vermiculata  Forssk.

Traganum nudatum  Del.

 

AMARYLLIDACEAE 
Allium atroviolaceum
Boiss.
Allium dictyoprasum
C.A. Mey
Allium pseudocalyptratum
Mouterde
Allium sindjarense
Boiss. & Hasskn.

Allium vinicolor Wendelb..

 

APIACEAE / UMBELLIFERAE

Anisosciadium isosciadium Bornm.

Anisosciadium lanatum Boiss.
Deverra tortuosa (Desf.) DC.

Deverra triradiata ssp. triradiata (Hochst.) Aschers
Ducrosia anethifolia (DC.) Boiss.
Ducrosia flabellifolia
Boiss.

Ferula ovina (Boiss.) Boiss.
Ferula rutbaensis
C.C. Townsend.

Pimpinella puberula
(DC.) Boiss.
 
APOCYNACEAE

(including subfamily- Asclepiadoideae)

Calotropis procera (Ait.) Ait.f.

Gomphocarpus sinaicus Boiss.

Pergularia tomentosa L.

Rhazya stricta Decne
 

ASPARAGACEAE

Bellevalia flexuosa Boiss.

Dipcadi erythraeum Webb & Berth.

Leopoldia tenuiflora (Tausch) Heldr.
 

BERBERIDACEAE

Leontice leontopetalum

 

BORAGINACEAE
Anchusa aegyptiaca (L.) DC

Anchusa arvensis ssp. orientalis (L.) Nordh

Anchusa milleri Willd.
Anchusa azurea Mill.
Arnebia decumbens (Vent.) Coss. & Kral
Arnebia desertorum
Riedl.
Arnebia hispidissima (Lehm.) DC.
Arnebia linearifolia
DC.

Arnebia macrocalyx (Coss & Kral) Boulos
Arnebia tinctoria Forssk.
Echium plantagineum
L.

Echium rauwolfii Del.
Gastrocotyle hispida
(Forssk.) Bunge
Heliotropium bacciferum Forssk.
Heliotropium digynum (Forssk.) Asch.  
Heliotropium lasiocarpum
Fisch. & Mey
Heliotropium ramosissimum (Lehm.) DC.
Heterocaryum subsessile Vatke
Lappula
spinocarpos ssp. ceratophora (Popov.) Y.J. Nasir
Mo
ltkiopsis ciliata
(Forssk.) I.M. Johnston
Og
astemma pusillum (Coss. & Durr.) R.K. Brummit
Paracaryum rugulosum
(DC.) Boiss.

Paracaryum intermedium (Fresen.) Lipsky

Trichodesma africanum var. africanum (L.) R.Br.
Tri
chodesma africanum
var. heterotrichum Bornm. & Kneuck.

 

BRASSICACEAE /CRUCIFERAE

Alyssum homalocarpum (Fischer & Meyer) Boiss.

Alyssum linifolium Stephen

Alyssum marginatum Steudel

Anastatica hierochuntica L.

Brassica deflexa Boiss.

Brassica tournefortii Guan.

Cakile arabica Velen. & Bornm.

Carrichtera annua (L.) DC.

Chorispora purpurascens (Banks. & Sol.) Eig.

Diplotaxis acris (Forssk.) Boiss.

Diplotaxis erucoides (L.) DC.

Diplotaxis harra (Forssk.) Boiss.

Eremobium aegyptiacum ssp. lineare (Del.) Boiss.

Eruca sativa Miller

Erucaria hispanica Druce

Farsetia aegyptia Turra

Farsetia burtoniae Oliver

Goldbachia laevigata (M. Bieb) DC.

Horwoodia dicksoniae Turril

Lepidium aucheri Boiss.

Leptaleum filfolium (Willd.) DC.

Lobularia libyca (Viv.) Webb & Berth.

Malcolmia crenulata (DC.) Boiss.

Malcolmia grandiflora var. glabrescens (Boiss.) Burtt & Lewis

Matthiola arabica Boiss.

Matthiola longipetala (Vent.) DC.

Morettia parviflora Boiss.

Moricandia sinaica (Boiss.) Boiss.

Neotorularia torulosa (Desf.) Hedge & Leonard

Notoceras bicorne (Aiton f.) Amo

Savignya parviflora (Del.) Webb

Schimpera arabica Hochst. & Steudel

Schouwia purpurea (Forssk.) Schweinf.

Sinapis arvensis L.

Sisymbrium irio L.

Sisymbrium loeselii L.

Sisymbrium orientale L.

Sisymbrium septulatum DC..

Zilla spinosa (L.) Prantl.
 

CAPPARACEAE
Ca
pparis spinosa L.
Cleom
e amblyocarpa Barr. & Murb.

Cleome glaucescens DC.
 

CAPRIFOLIACEAE
Valerianella dufresnia Bunge
Valerianella oxyrhyncha Fisch. & Mey
Valerianella szovitsiana Fisch. & Mey.

 

CARYOPHYLLACEAE

Acanthophyllum bracteatum Boiss.
D
ianthus judaicus Boiss.
D
ianthus sinaicus
Boiss.
Gymnocarpos decander Forssk.
Gypsophila capillaris
(Forssk.) C. Christ.
Herniaria hemistemon J. Gay
He
rniaria hirsuta
L.
Loe
flingia hispanica L.
Paron
ychia arabica (L.) DC.
Paro
nychia sinaica Fresen. 
Poly
carpaea repens (Forssk.) Aschers. & Schweinf.
Pol
ycarpaea robbairea
(Kuntze) Greauter & Burdet .
Pt
eranthus dichotomus Forssk.
Sclero
cephalus arabicus Boiss.
Sile
ne arabica Boiss.
Silene arabica
var.
nabathaea (Gomb. & A. Camus) Zoh.
Silene
colorata var. oliveriana (Otth.) Muschl.
Silene coniflora
Nees ex Otth.

Sil
ene conoidea
L.
S
ilene linearis Decne.
Silene villosa Forssk.
Silene vivianii
Steudl.

Sper
gula fallax (Lowe) Krause
Spergularia bocconei
(Scheele) Aschers. & Graebn.

Spe
rgularia diandra
(Guss.) Heldr. & Sart.

Vaccaria hispanica Miller
 

CISTACEAE

Helianthemum aegyptiacum (L.) Mill.

Helianthemum kahiricum Del.
Helianthemum ledifolium
(L.) Mill.
Helianthemum lippii
(L.) Doum.- Cours.
Helianthemum salicifolium
(L.) Mill.
Helianthemum sancti-antonii
Schweinf. ex Boiss.
Helianthemum sessiliflorum
(Desf.) Pers.

Helianthemum stipulatum (Forssk.) Christens
 

COLCHICACEAE
Colchicum ritchii R.Br.
 

COMPOSITAE /ASTERACEAE

Aaronsohnia factorovskyi Warb. & Eig.

Acantholepis orientalis Less. 
Achillea falcata
 L.
Ac
hillea fragrantissima (Forssk.) Schi.- Bip.
Anth
emis arvensis L.

Anthemis deserti Boiss.

Anthemus edumea Eig.

Anthemis haussknechtii Boiss. & Reut..
Ant
hemis melampodina Del.
Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss.

Anthemis rascheyana Boiss.
Anthemis scrobicularis Yavin
 
Anthemis sheilae Ghafoor & Al-Turki

Anthemis tenuicarpa Eig.
An
villea garcinii (Burm.f.) DC.
A
rtemisia judaica L. 
Artemisia monosperma Del.
Artemisia scoparia  Waldst. & Kit

Ar
temisia sieberi Besser   
Asteriscus graveolens (Forssk.) Less.
 
Atractylis cancellata L.
Atractylis carduus (Forssk.) C. Christ.

A
tractylis mernephthae Aschi. Schweinf.
Cal
endula tripterocarpa Rupr.
Car
duus getulus 
Pomel
Carduus pycnocephalus var. arabicus Jacq.  ex Murray

Carthamus nitidus Boiss.
Carthamus oxyacantha
M. Bieb
.
C
arthamus persicus
Willd.
Ce
ntaurea ammocyanus
Boiss.
C
entaurea mesopotamica
Bornm.

Centaurea procurrens Sieb.
C
entaurea pseudosinaica
Czerp.
Cen
taurea scoparia Sieb. ex. Spreng.
Centaurea sinaica
DC.

Echinops glaberrimus DC.  
E
chinops mandavillei Kit-Tan
E
chinops polyceras
Boiss.

Echinops viscosus DC.
Filago desertorum Pomel
G
ymnarrhena micrantha Desf.
Ifloga ruepellii (Fresen.) Danin
If
loga spicata
(Forssk.) Sch.- Bip.
K
oelpinia linearis Pallas
L
asiopogon muscoides (Desf.) DC.
Laun
aea angustifolia ssp. arabica (Boiss.) H. Lindb.
Launaea capitata
(Spreng.) Dandy

La
unaea mucronata (Forssk.) Muschl.
La
unaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook.f.
Launaea procumbens
(Roxb.) Romayya & Rajg.

L
eontodon laciniatus (Bertol) Widder
Leysera leyseroides
(Desf.) Maire

M
atricaria aurea
(Loefl.) Sch.- Bip.
Onopordon ambiguum Fresen.
O
nopordon sibthorpianum Boiss. & Heldbr.

Pallaenis heirochuntica (Michon) Greater
Ph
agnalon barbeyanum Asch. & Schweinf.
Pic
ris babylonica Hand-Mazz.
Picris cyanocarpa
Boiss.

Picris damascena var. homocarpa Eig.
Picris longirostris
Sch.- Bip.

Picris sprengeriana (L.) Chaix

Pulicaria arabica (L.) Cass
Pulicaria undulata (L.) C.A. May
Rei
chardia tingitana  (L.) Roth.
Rh
anterium epapposum Oliv.
Sca
riola orientalis
(Boiss.) Sojak
Sc
orzonera musilii Vel.
Scorzonera papposa
DC.

Scorzonera pusilla Pall.
Scorzonera schweinfurthii
Boiss.

Sc
orzonera tortuosissima
Boiss.
Senecio flavus (Decne.) Sch.-Bip. ex A. Rich.
Se
necio glaucus
L.
S
onchus oleraceus L.

Tanacetum santolinoides (DC.) Feinbr. & Fertig
Tr
ipleurospermum auriculatum (Boiss.) Rech. f.

Zoegea purpurea Fresen.

 

CONVOLVULACEAE  
Co
nvolvulus buschiricus Bornm.
C
onvolvulus fatmensis
Kunze
Convolvulus oxyphyllus ssp. oxycladus Rech. f.
Convolvulus pilosellifolius Desr.

Convolvulus spicatus Peter ex Hallier
C
ressa cretica
L.

Cuscuta planiflora Tenore

 

 

 Al-Jouf Province

 

 

CUCURBITACEAE

Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrader

 

CYNOMORIACEAE  
C
ynomorium coccineum L.

 

CYPERACEAE


Cy
perus conglomeratus Rottb. 
Cyperus distachyos All.

Cyperus macrorrhizus Nees

DIPSACACEAE
Pte
rocephalus brevis Coult. 
S
cabiosa olivieri Coult.  
Sc
abiosa olivieri var. pinnatisecta Boiss.
S
cabiosa porphyroneura Blakelock  
 

EPHEDRACEAE 
Ephedra alata Decne.
Ephedra aphylla
Forssk.

E
phedra transitoria Riedl

 

EUPHORBIACEAE


A
ndrachne telephioides L. 
C
hrozophora tinctoria (L.) Raf.   

Euphorbia granulata var. granulata Forssk.
Euphorbia retusa
Forssk.

 

FRANKENIACEAE 
Frankenia aucheri Jaub. & Spach.
Frankenia pulverulenta
L.

 

GERANIACEAF 
Erodium ciconium (L,) L'Her
Ero
dium glaucophyllum
(L,) L'Her
Erodium hirtum
Willd.

E
rodium laciniatum var. laciniatum
(Cav.) Willd.

Erodium oxyrhynchum var. oxyrhynchum M. Bieb.

Erodium oxyrhynchum var.. bryonifolium (Boiss.) Schönb.-Tem.
E
rodium touchyanum
Del.
M
onsonia nivea (Decne.) Decne. ex Webb.
 

IRIDACEAE  

Moraea sisyrinchium (L.) Ker Gawl.

Iris postii Mouterde
 

IXIOLIRIACEAE  
Ixiolirion tataricum ssp. tataricum (Pall.) J.A. & J.H. Schultes

 

JUNCACEAE
Juncus bufonius L.
J
uncus rigidus Desf. 

 

 LAMIACEAE  / LABIATAE                 
L
allemantia royleana (Benth.) Benth.
L
avandula coronopifolia Poir
P
hlomis brachyodon (Boiss.) Zoh.
S
alvia aegyptiaca L.
S
alvia lanigera Poir.
Salvia spinosa L.
T
eucrium oliverianum Ging. ex Benth.
T
eucrium polium L.
T
huspeinanta persica (Boiss.) Briq.

Thymus musilii  Velen.

 

LEGUMINOSAE

Acacia gerrardii var. negevensis Zoh. 
Alhagi graecorum Boiss.
Astragalus asterias Steven
A
stragalus bombycinus Boiss.
A
stragalus caprinus ssp. caprinus
L.
Astragalus collenettiae
Hedge & Podl.
A
stragalus crenatus
Schult.
A
stragalus dactylocarpus
ssp. acinaciferus (Boiss.) Ott.

Astragalus hauarensis Boiss.
A
stragalus intercedens
Sam. ex Rech..f.
A
stragalus kahiricus
DC.
A
stragalus schimperi Boiss.
A
stragalus sieberi DC.
A
stragalus sparsus
Del. ex Decne.

Astragalus spinosus (Forssk.) Muschl.
Astragalus trachoniticus
Post

A
stragalus tribuloides
Del.
Crotalaria aegyptiaca Benth.
Hippocrepis areolata Desv.
H
ippocrepis unisiliquosa ssp. bisiliqua (Forssk.) Bornm.
L
otononis platycarpa (Viv.) Pichi.- Serm.
Lotus halophilus Boiss. & Sprun.

Lotus lanuginosus Vent..
Medicago laciniata var. laciniata (L.) Mill.
On
obrychis ptolemaica (Del.) DC.  
Ononis serrata Forssk.
P
rosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) Macbr.
Retama raetam (Forssk.) Webb.
S
ophora gibbosa (DC.) Yakovlev
Trigonella anguina Del.
T
rigonella hamosa L. 
Trigonella stellata Forssk.

LILIACEAE
Gagea commutata C. Koch
Gagea dayana
var. conjugens (Pascher) Heyn & Dafni

Gagea reticulata (Pall.) J.A. & J. H. Schultes

MALVACEAE
A
lthaea ludwigii L.
M
alva parviflora L.
 

NEURADACEAE  
Neurada procumbens L.

 

NITRARIACEAE

Nitraria retusa (Forssk.) Aschers
Peganum harmala
L.
 

OROBANCHACEAE

Cistanche phelypaea (L.) Cout.

Cistanche tubulosa (Schenk) Wight

Cistanche violacea (Desf.) G. Beck.

Orobanche cernua var. cernua Loefl.

Orobanche hypertomentosa M.J. Y. Foley

Orobanche ramosa L.
 

PAPAVERACEAE  
Fumaria parviflora Lam. .
Hypecoum geslinii Coss. & Kral.
H
ypecoum pendulum L.
Papaver glaucum Boiss. & Hausskn.
R
oemeria hybrida ssp. dodecandra (Forssk.) E. A. Durande & Barratte.
 

PLANTAGINACEAE

Chaenorhinum calycinum (Banks. & Sol.) P.H. Davis

Kickxia aegyptiaca (L.) Nab.

Linaria micrantha (Cav.) Hoffmanns. & Link

Linaria tenuis (Viv.) Spreng.

Plantago amplexicaulis Cav.

Plantago boissieri Hausskn. & Bornm.

Plantago ciliata Desf.

Plantago coronopus L.

Plantago cylindrica Forssk.

Plantago ovata Forssk.

Plantago psammophila Agnew & Chalabi-Ka'bi


PLUMBAGINACEAE
L
imonium carnosum (Boiss.) O. Kuntze

Limonium lobatum (L.f.) Chaz.

 

POACEAE /GRAMINEAE
A
eluropus lagopoides
(L.) Trin.
Aeluropus littoralis
(Gouan) Parl.

A
vena barbata ssp. wiestii (Steud.) Mansf.
Bromus danthoniae Trin.

Bromus fasciculatus Presl.

Bromus haussknechtii Boiss.

Bromus madritensis L.

Bromus sericeus Drobov.

Bromus tectorum ssp. tectorum L.

Cenchrus ciliaris L.

Centropodia forsskaolii (Vahl) Cope

Centropodia fragilis (Guinet & Sauvage) Cope

Cutandia memphitica (Sprengel) K. Richter

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.

Eremopyrum bonaepartis (Sprengel) Nevski

Eremopyrum distans (C. Koch) Nevski

Hyparrhenia hirta (L.) Stapf

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeuschel

Lasiurus scindicus Henr.

Lolium rigidum Gaud.

Pennisetum divisum (Gmel.) Henr.

Phalaris minor Retz.

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. & Steudel.

Poa sinaica Steudel.

Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf.

Rostraria pumila (Desf.) Tzvelev

Schismus arabicus Nees.

Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell.

Stipa capensis Thunb.

Stipa hohenackeriana Trin. & Rupr.

Stipa parviflora Desf.

Stipagrostis ciliata (Desf.) de Wint.

Stipagrostis drarii (Tackh. de Wint.
Stipagrostis obtusa (Del.) Nees
S
tipagrostis plumosa (L.) Munro ex T. Anders.
T
richolaena teneriffae  (L.f.) Link.
 

POLYGALACEAE  
P
olygala negevensis Danin
 

POLYGONACEAE  
C
alligonum comosum L'Her.
Emex spinosa (L.) Campd.
Polygonum argyrocoleum Steudel ex Kunze
Polygonum aviculare
L.
Polygonum palaestinum
Zoh.

R
heum palaestinum
Feinbr..
Rumex crispus L.
R
umex pictus Forssk.
R
umex vesicarius L. 

 

PRIMULACEAE  

Androsace maxima L.

RANUNCULACEAE  
Adonis dentata Del.
Nigella arvensis
L. var. arabica

RESEDACEAE
C
aylusea hexagyna (Forssk.) M. L. Green
O
chradenus baccatus Del.
O
ligomeris linifolia
(Vahl) J.F. Macbr.
Reseda arabica Boiss.

Reseda decursiva Maire
Reseda muricata C. Presl

RHAMNACEAE  
Z
iziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn.

ROSACEAE  
Prunus arabica (Oliv.) Meikle
 

RUBIACEAE
Crucianella membranacea Boiss.

RUTACEAE

Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk.) A. Juss.

 

SALICACEAE
Populus euphratica Oliv.


SCROPHULARIACEAE

Scrophularia deserti Del.

Scrophularia hypericifo1ia Wydl.

Verbascum transjordanicum Murb.

 

SOLANACEAE
Hyoscyamus desertorum (Aschers. ex Boiss.) Tackh.
Hyoscyamus muticus
L.
Hyoscyamus pusillus
L.

Lycium dasystemum Pojark
L
ycium shawii Roem. & Schult.


TAMARICACEAE

Reaumuria alternifolia (Labill.) Britten
Reaumuria hirtella
Jaub. & Spach.
T
amarix aucheriana
(Decne.) Baum

Tamarix mascatensis Bunge

Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb.

Tamarix senegalensis DC.
Tamarix tetragyna
Ehrenb.

TYPHACEAE

Typha domingensis (Pers.) Poir
 

URTICACEAF
Forsskaolea tenacissima L.
P
arietaria alsinifolia Del.
 

XANTHORRHOEACEAE

Asphodelus fistulosus L.

Asphodelus tenuifolius Cav.

Asphodelus refractus Boiss.

 

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE
Fagonia bruguieri
DC.
Fagonia glutinosa
Del.

Fagonia indica
Burm.f.

Fagonia mollis Delile
Seetzenia lanata (Willd.) Bullock.

Tetraena simplex (L.) Beier & Thulin

Tribulus macropterus var. macropterus Boiss.
Tribulus terrestris var. terrestris L.
Zygophyllum coccineum var. coccineum L.

Zygophyllum fabago L.